Sexually transmitted diseases

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Some pathogens that are dangerous to women's health may not cause any symptoms, but can lead to cancer, infertility, miscarriage, premature birth, and diseases of the internal genital organs. To avoid these dangers, it is recommended to have periodic sex screening tests.

STDs, the pathogens of sexually transmitted diseases, are primarily transmitted to the affected mucous membranes through sexual contact, but for other reasons the normal vaginal flora can also be weakened, and bacteria and fungi can colonise, causing a burning itchy sensation and unpleasant smelling discharge.

STDs, diseases caused by sexually transmitted diseases, can also affect fertility. Asymptomatic, untreated infections can reduce the chances of getting pregnant or cause miscarriage, premature birth and infection of the newborn, so timely and appropriate treatment is essential.

Good to know:

STD screening is recommended for everyone who has sex, but especially:

- before having children,

- Before starting a sexual intercourse,

- Before and before sexual intercourse, for new partners, for new partners, for first-time partners, for new partners after a casual relationship,

- (e.g. unpleasant odour, discharge, itching, pain when urinating, discomfort in the urethra, genital warts, pain in the lower abdomen, lymph node enlargement)

We have the most up-to-date medical laboratory tests available to establish the exact pathological diagnosis, so that we can clarify which pathogens are responsible for the complaints and whether latent pathogens are present that do not cause symptoms. In the case of sexually transmitted diseases, it is always advisable to test and treat the partner, even if they are completely asymptomatic, as failure to do so can lead to re-infection!

The Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is a very common pathogen that most men and women will encounter in their lifetime. There are about 100 types of HPV, about half of which are sexually transmitted. The low-risk types infect the genitals and can cause warts, while the high-risk types can cause malignant cell changes in the cervix and, less commonly, in the rectum or penis of men if they are infected for many years.

Genital HPV is usually acquired through direct skin contact during sexual intercourse. Multiple sexual partners increase the risk of HPV transmission. The virus infection is mostly asymptomatic, with many people unaware that they are carrying the STD agent. It is important to know that an asymptomatic carrier of HPV can also be infected.

By identifying the type of HPV, it is possible to track whether the same type is persistent, which may pose a higher risk. The aim of STD testing is to diagnose lesions at an early stage before cervical cancer develops. In addition to HPV testing, gynaecological screening for cervical cancer is also necessary at regular intervals. In our clinic, it is also possible to determine the exact type of virus with an HPV test.

The test involves taking a sample from the cervical mucosa or the surface of the warts using a small brush. The epithelial cells taken are then suitable for testing using a method called PCR. This test is extremely sensitive, so it can detect HPV even in very small amounts and determine the exact type of virus.

For genital or genital warts caused by HPV, there are various therapeutic interventions (e.g. brushing, freezing, laser removal), which can be decided by the doctor after the test. Laser removal of genital warts is also possible in our clinic. In the case of condyloma, the patient can be declared cured after 2 negative controls, and further examinations are therefore necessary every 3 weeks, but at least twice a week.

Trichomonas vaginalis is a unicellular parasite that causes a profuse, foul-smelling vaginitis with a foamy greenish discharge. In men, trichomonas can cause urethritis during venereal disease, but asymptomatic carriage is also common.

When the normal acidic protective flora of the vagina is disturbed, a mixed flora of bacteria (most importantly Gardnerella vaginalis) develops in the vagina, causing an unpleasant smelling discharge.

Genital herpes is caused by human herpesvirus types 1 and 2. After 2-4 weeks after the primary infection, blisters and sores develop on the genital organs, with lymph node enlargement, fever and malaise. After 2-3 weeks of illness, recurrences can be expected, varying in frequency and severity from individual to individual.

The incubation period for these STIs is a few weeks, but many people can carry the infection for months or even years without symptoms. In men, urethritis of the urethra can present with symptoms of mucous, sometimes purulent discharge and urinary stinging. In women, these STDs cause inflammation of the cervical canal and, sooner or later, vaginal discharge, while the infection spreading to the uterus and fallopian tubes can cause abdominal pain, blood dysfunction, later infertility and various problems during pregnancy (miscarriage, premature birth). Arthritis can also be a late complication of STDs.

The pathogen that causes syphilis enters the body through tiny skin lesions caused by sexual intercourse. One or more painless, compact, ulcerated growths develop at the site of penetration after about 3 weeks after infection, accompanied by painless enlargement of the surrounding lymph nodes. The lesion resolves without treatment, leaving behind a scar, and after 6 weeks the secondary stage with varied skin and mucosal symptoms begins. Smaller and larger rashes appear all over the body, with oozing growths in the hair follicles, ulcerated plaques in the mouth, hair loss, lymph node enlargement, fever, muscle and joint pains. Late syphilis, which develops symptoms a decade after infection, is associated with severe neurological, cardiovascular, skeletal, musculoskeletal and ophthalmological changes. All stages of syphilis can be treated with antibiotics, so it should be detected as early as possible to prevent the development of severe and irreversible symptoms.

The causative bacterium, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, causes acute urethritis within a few days of infection, which in men is marked by profuse, purulent urethral discharge and painful urination. As it affects the epithelium of the cervical canal in women, the infection is usually asymptomatic, so women often find out they are carrying the pathogen through illness in their partner. If left untreated, serious complications (prostatitis and testicular inflammation, uterine inflammation, fallopian tube inflammation, infertility) can develop.

Vaginitis causes a white, clammy discharge, burning and itching. In men, inflammatory symptoms occur on the glans and foreskin of the penis.

For condyloma, the patient can be declared cured after 2 negative controls. In these cases, a control examination costs 10 000 HUF (every 3 weeks, at least twice) or a surgical fee if the surgical intervention (laser wart removal) is necessary again.

*The results of the tests will be sent to the e-mail address you provide, or you can collect them in person at our surgery. If you request more than one test, the results will be issued together, regardless of the fact that some results may be available sooner. This means that the expected date of sending the results will coincide at the latest with the date of the longest requested test.